International Association for Cryptologic Research

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Oil and Vinegar: Modern Parameters and Implementations

Authors:
Ward Beullens , IBM Research Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Ming-Shing Chen , Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
Shih-Hao Hung , National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Matthias J. Kannwischer , Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
Bo-Yuan Peng , Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Cheng-Jhih Shih , National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Bo-Yin Yang , Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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DOI: 10.46586/tches.v2023.i3.321-365
URL: https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/view/10966
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Abstract: Two multivariate digital signature schemes, Rainbow and GeMSS, made it into the third round of the NIST PQC competition. However, neither made its way to being a standard due to devastating attacks (in one case by Beullens, the other by Tao, Petzoldt, and Ding). How should multivariate cryptography recover from this blow? We propose that, rather than trying to fix Rainbow and HFEv- by introducing countermeasures, the better approach is to return to the classical Oil and Vinegar scheme. We show that, if parametrized appropriately, Oil and Vinegar still provides competitive performance compared to the new NIST standards by most measures (except for key size). At NIST security level 1, this results in either 128-byte signatures with 44 kB public keys or 96-byte signatures with 67 kB public keys. We revamp the state-of-the-art of Oil and Vinegar implementations for the Intel/AMD AVX2, the Arm Cortex-M4 microprocessor, the Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA, and the Armv8-A microarchitecture with the Neon vector instructions set.
BibTeX
@article{tches-2023-33292,
  title={Oil and Vinegar: Modern Parameters and Implementations},
  journal={IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems},
  publisher={Ruhr-Universität Bochum},
  volume={2023, Issue 3},
  pages={321-365},
  url={https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/view/10966},
  doi={10.46586/tches.v2023.i3.321-365},
  author={Ward Beullens and Ming-Shing Chen and Shih-Hao Hung and Matthias J. Kannwischer and Bo-Yuan Peng and Cheng-Jhih Shih and Bo-Yin Yang},
  year=2023
}