## CryptoDB

### Paper: On Secure Ratcheting with Immediate Decryption

Authors: Jeroen Pijnenburg , Royal Holloway, University of London Bertram Poettering , IBM Research Europe -- Zürich Search ePrint Search Google ASIACRYPT 2022 Ratcheting protocols let parties securely exchange messages in environments in which state exposure attacks are anticipated. While, unavoidably, some promises on confidentiality and authenticity cannot be upheld once the adversary obtains a copy of a party's state, ratcheting protocols aim at confining the impact of state exposures as much as possible. In particular, such protocols provide forward security (after state exposure, past messages remain secure) and post-compromise security (after state exposure, participants auto-heal and regain security). Ratcheting protocols serve as core components in most modern instant messaging apps, with billions of users per day. Most instances, including Signal, guarantee immediate decryption (ID): Receivers recover and deliver the messages wrapped in ciphertexts immediately when they become available, even if ciphertexts arrive out-of-order and preceding ciphertexts are still missing. This ensures the continuation of sessions in unreliable communication networks, ultimately contributing to a satisfactory user experience. While initial academic treatments consider ratcheting protocols without ID, Alwen et al (EC'19) propose the first ID-aware security model, together with a provably secure construction. Unfortunately, as we note, in their protocol a receiver state exposure allows for the decryption of all prior undelivered ciphertexts. As a consequence, from an adversary's point of view, intentionally preventing the delivery of a fraction of the ciphertexts of a conversation, and corrupting the receiver (days) later, allows for correctly decrypting all suppressed ciphertexts. The same attack works against Signal. We argue that the level of (forward-)security realized by the protocol of Alwen et al, and mandated by their security model, is considerably lower than both intuitively expected and technically possible. The main contributions of our work are thus a careful revisit of the security notions for ratcheted communication in the ID setting, together with a provably secure proof-of-concept construction. One novel component of our model is that it reflects the progression of physical time. This allows for formally requiring that (undelivered) ciphertexts automatically expire after a configurable amount of time.
##### BibTeX
@inproceedings{asiacrypt-2022-32651,
title={On Secure Ratcheting with Immediate Decryption},
publisher={Springer-Verlag},
author={Jeroen Pijnenburg and Bertram Poettering},
year=2022
}