## CryptoDB

### Kenneth Koon-Ho Wong

#### Publications

Year
Venue
Title
2015
EPRINT
2010
EPRINT
The most costly operations encountered in pairing computations are those that take place in the full extension field $\mathbb{F}_{p^k}$. At high levels of security, the complexity of operations in $\mathbb{F}_{p^k}$ dominates the complexity of the operations that occur in the lower degree subfields. Consequently, full extension field operations have the greatest effect on the runtime of Miller's algorithm. Many recent optimizations in the literature have focussed on improving the overall operation count by presenting new explicit formulas that reduce the number of subfield operations encountered throughout an iteration of Miller's algorithm. Unfortunately, almost all of these operations far outweigh the operations in the smaller subfields. In this paper, we propose a new way of carrying out Miller's algorithm that involves new explicit formulas which reduce the number of full extension field operations that occur in an iteration of the Miller loop, resulting in significant speed ups in most practical situations of between 5 and 30 percent.
2010
EPRINT
Miller's algorithm for computing pairings involves performing multiplications between elements that belong to different finite fields. Namely, elements in the full extension field $\mathbb{F}_{p^k}$ are multiplied by elements contained in proper subfields $\mathbb{F}_{p^{k/d}}$, and by elements in the base field $\mathbb{F}_{p}$. We show that significant speedups in pairing computations can be achieved by delaying these mismatched'' multiplications for an optimal number of iterations. Importantly, we show that our technique can be easily integrated into traditional pairing algorithms; implementers can exploit the computational savings herein by applying only minor changes to existing pairing code.
2010
EPRINT
We present a novel approach for solving systems of polynomial equations via graph partitioning. The concept of a variable-sharing graph of a system of polynomial equations is defined. If such graph is disconnected, then the corresponding system of equations can be split into smaller ones that can be solved individually. This can provide a significant speed-up in computing the solution to the system, but is unlikely to occur either randomly or in applications. However, by deleting a certain vertices on the graph, the variable-sharing graph could be disconnected in a balanced fashion, and in turn the system of polynomial equations are separated into smaller ones of similar sizes. In graph theory terms, this process is equivalent to finding balanced vertex partitions with minimum-weight vertex separators. The techniques of finding these vertex partitions are discussed, and experiments are performed to evaluate its practicality for general graphs and systems of polynomial equations. Applications of this approach in algebraic cryptanalysis on symmetric ciphers are presented. For the QUAD family of stream ciphers, we show how a malicious party can manufacture conforming systems that can be easily broken. For the stream cipher Trivium and its variants, we achieve significant speedups in algebraic attacks launched against them. In each of these cases, the systems of polynomial equations involved are well-suited to our graph partitioning method. These results may open a new avenue for evaluating the security of symmetric ciphers against algebraic attacks.
2008
ASIACRYPT