## CryptoDB

### Francesco Sica

#### Publications

Year
Venue
Title
2014
JOFC
2012
ASIACRYPT
2009
EUROCRYPT
2008
EPRINT
The Joint Sparse Form is currently the standard representation system to perform multi-scalar multiplications of the form $[n]P+m[Q]$. We introduce the concept of Joint Double-Base Chain, a generalization of the Double-Base Number System to represent simultaneously $n$ and $m$. This concept is relevant because of the high redundancy of Double-Base systems, which ensures that we can find a chain of reasonable length that uses exactly the same terms to compute both $n$ and $m$. Furthermore, we discuss an algorithm to produce such a Joint Double-Base Chain. Because of its simplicity, this algorithm is straightforward to implement, efficient, and also quite easy to analyze. Namely, in our main result we show that the average number of terms in the expansion is less than $0.3945\log_2 n$. With respect to the Joint Sparse Form, this induces a reduction by more than $20\%$ of the number of additions. As a consequence, the total number of multiplications required for a scalar multiplications is minimal for our method, across all the methods using two precomputations, $P+Q$ and $P-Q$. This is the case even with coordinate systems offering very cheap doublings, in contrast with recent results on scalar multiplications. Several variants are discussed, including methods using more precomputed points and a generalization relevant for Koblitz curves. Our second contribution is a new way to evaluate $\overline\phi$, the dual endomorphism of the Frobenius. Namely, we propose formulae to compute $\pm\overline\phi(P)$ with at most 2 multiplications and 2 squarings in $\F_{2^d}$. This represents a speed-up of about $50\%$ with respect to the fastest techniques known. This has very concrete consequences on scalar and multi-scalar multiplications on Koblitz curves.
2006
ASIACRYPT
2006
EPRINT
The paper is an examination of double-base decompositions of integers $n$, namely expansions loosely of the form $n = \sum_{i,j} A^iB^j$ for some base $\{A,B\}$. This was examined in previous works in the case when $A,B$ lie in $\mathbb{N}$. On the positive side, we show how to extend previous results of to Koblitz curves over binary fields. Namely, we obtain a sublinear scalar algorithm to compute, given a generic positive integer $n$ and an elliptic curve point $P$, the point $nP$ in time $O\left(\frac{\log n}{\log\log n}\right)$ elliptic curve operations with essentially no storage, thus making the method asymptotically faster than any know scalar multiplication algorithm on Koblitz curves. On the negative side, we analyze scalar multiplication using double base numbers and show that on a generic elliptic curve over a finite field, we cannot expect a sublinear algorithm with double bases. Finally, we show that all algorithms used hitherto need at least $\frac{\log n}{\log\log n}$ curve operations.
2004
PKC
2003
EUROCRYPT
2002
CHES