## CryptoDB

### Paper: On the Streaming Indistinguishability of a Random Permutation and a Random Function

Authors: Itai Dinur , Ben-Gurion University, Israel DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45724-2_15 (login may be required) Search ePrint Search Google Slides EUROCRYPT 2020 An adversary with $S$ bits of memory obtains a stream of $Q$ elements that are uniformly drawn from the set $\{1,2,\ldots,N\}$, either with or without replacement. This corresponds to sampling $Q$ elements using either a random function or a random permutation. The adversary's goal is to distinguish between these two cases. This problem was first considered by Jaeger and Tessaro (EUROCRYPT 2019), which proved that the adversary's advantage is upper bounded by $\sqrt{Q \cdot S/N}$. Jaeger and Tessaro used this bound as a streaming switching lemma which allowed proving that known time-memory tradeoff attacks on several modes of operation (such as counter-mode) are optimal up to a factor of $O(\log N)$ if $Q \cdot S \approx N$. However, the bound's proof assumed an unproven combinatorial conjecture. Moreover, if $Q \cdot S \ll N$ there is a gap between the upper bound of $\sqrt{Q \cdot S/N}$ and the $Q \cdot S/N$ advantage obtained by known attacks. In this paper, we prove a tight upper bound (up to poly-logarithmic factors) of $O(\log Q \cdot Q \cdot S/N)$ on the adversary's advantage in the streaming distinguishing problem. The proof does not require a conjecture and is based on a hybrid argument that gives rise to a reduction from the unique-disjointness communication complexity problem to streaming.
##### BibTeX
@inproceedings{eurocrypt-2020-30195,
title={On the Streaming Indistinguishability of a Random Permutation and a Random Function},
booktitle={39th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Zagreb, Croatia, May 10–14, 2020, Proceedings},
series={Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
publisher={Springer},
keywords={Streaming algorithm;time-memory tradeoff;communication complexity;provable security;switching lemma;mode of operation.},
volume={12105},
doi={10.1007/978-3-030-45724-2_15},
author={Itai Dinur},
year=2020
}