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Generic Attacks Against Beyond-Birthday-Bound MACs

Authors:
Gaëtan Leurent
Mridul Nandi
Ferdinand Sibleyras
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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96884-1_11 (login may be required)
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Presentation: Slides
Conference: CRYPTO 2018
Abstract: In this work, we study the security of several recent MAC constructions with provable security beyond the birthday bound. We consider block-cipher based constructions with a double-block internal state, such as SUM-ECBC, PMAC+, 3kf9, GCM-SIV2, and some variants (LightMAC+, 1kPMAC+). All these MACs have a security proof up to $$2^{2n/3}$$ queries, but there are no known attacks with less than $$2^{n}$$ queries.We describe a new cryptanalysis technique for double-block MACs based on finding quadruples of messages with four pairwise collisions in halves of the state. We show how to detect such quadruples in SUM-ECBC, PMAC+, 3kf9, GCM-SIV2 and their variants with $$\mathcal {O}(2^{3n/4})$$ queries, and how to build a forgery attack with the same query complexity. The time complexity of these attacks is above $$2^n$$, but it shows that the schemes do not reach full security in the information theoretic model. Surprisingly, our attack on LightMAC+ also invalidates a recent security proof by Naito.Moreover, we give a variant of the attack against SUM-ECBC and GCM-SIV2 with time and data complexity $$\tilde{\mathcal {O}}(2^{6n/7})$$. As far as we know, this is the first attack with complexity below $$2^n$$ against a deterministic beyond-birthday-bound secure MAC.As a side result, we also give a birthday attack against 1kf9, a single-key variant of 3kf9 that was withdrawn due to issues with the proof.
Video from CRYPTO 2018
BibTeX
@inproceedings{crypto-2018-28843,
  title={Generic Attacks Against Beyond-Birthday-Bound MACs},
  booktitle={Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO 2018},
  series={Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  publisher={Springer},
  volume={10991},
  pages={306-336},
  doi={10.1007/978-3-319-96884-1_11},
  author={Gaëtan Leurent and Mridul Nandi and Ferdinand Sibleyras},
  year=2018
}